Q Research Group members' publications

1. Education and Educational Methodology

This cluster includes Q methodological studies on teaching, learning practices, curriculum development, and educational reforms.

Higher Education and Academic Development

Ali, K., Du, X. & Lundberg, A. (2023). Does problem-based learning facilitate enactment of learner agency in undergraduate dental curricula?. European Journal of Dental Education, 27, 823-832. https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.12872  

Du, X.; Chaaban, Y.; Al-Thani, H. & Lundberg, A. (2024). University teachers’ professional learning for academic development: Q methodology research. International Journal of Academic Development. 29 (4), 463-479. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360144X.2023.2265891

Du, X., Nomikos, M., Ali, K., Lundberg, A. & Abu-Hijleh, M. (2022). Health educators’ professional agency in negotiating their problem-based learning (PBL) facilitator roles: Q study. Medical Education. 56 (8), 847-857, https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.14792 

Du, X. & Lundberg, A. (2021). Examining emic viewpoints on a pedagogical development program’s long-term effects using Q methodology. Studies in Educational Evaluation. 71, 101088, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2021.101088 

Du, X., Lundberg, A.; Arselene A., Mohamed; Naji, Khalid K.  & Hawari, A. (2022). Examining engineering students’ perceptions of learner agency enactment in problem- and project-based learning using Q methodology. Journal of Engineering Education. 111 (1), 111-136, https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20430 

Du, X., Guerra, A., Nøregaard, B., Chaaban, Y., Lundberg, A. & Lyngdorf, N. (2022). University teachers’ change readiness to implement education for sustainable development through participation in a PBL-based PD program. Sustainability. 14 (19), 12079. https://doi.org/103390/su141912079 

Lundberg, A. (2022). Academics’ perspectives on good teaching practice in Switzerland’s higher education landscape. International Journal of Educational Research Open. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2022.100202 

Lundberg, A. & de Leeuw, R. (2024). Introducing and discussion the virtual special issue on using Q methodology in higher education. International Journal of Education Research Open. 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2023.100301

Lundberg, A. & Stigmar, M. (2022). Deliberative academic development with university teachers in times of crisis. International Journal of Academic Development. 27 (2), 163-175, https://doi.org/10.1080/1360144X.2022.2084742 

Lundberg, A. & Stigmar, M. (2023). University teachers’ shifting views of successful learning environments in the future. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, , 67(6), 964-979. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2022.2115127 

Lundberg, A. & Stigmar, M. (2024). Higher education teaching quality in the aftermath of the double disruption. Innovative Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-024-09740-6

Lundberg, A. & Suter, R. (2023). Ett internationellt och kritiskt perspektiv på breddad rekrytering och breddat deltagande. In Stigmar, M. (Ed.) Inkluderande högre utbildning – att arbeta med breddad rekrytering, breddat deltagande och studentaktivt lärande. Studentlitteratur.

Lyngdorf, N. E. R., Du, X., & Lundberg, A. (2023). First-year engineering students’ learner agency sources in a systemic PBL environment: a Q study. European Journal of Engineering Education. 48(6), 1130-1147. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2023.2233427  

Sakamoto, F. (2022).  Global competence in Japan: What do students really need?  International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 91(1), 216-228.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.10.006

Educational Research

Chaaban, Y.; Sawalhi, R. & Lundberg, A. (2025). Middle leaders’ sensemaking of their leadership practices in response to educational disruption: A Q methodology study. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. 53 (1), 65-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432231152357 

Chaaban, Y., Du, X., Lundberg, A. & Abu-Tineh, A. (2023). Education stakeholders’ viewpoints about an ESD competency framework: Q methodology research. Sustainability, 15(3), 1787. https://doi.org/103390/su15031787 

Hellström, L. & Lundberg, A. (2020). Understanding bullying from young people’s perspectives: an explorative study. Educational Research. 62 (4), 414-433, https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2020.1821388 

Lundberg, A.; Collberg, P. & Lindh, C. (2024). Newly qualified teachers in the eyes of principals: Moving beyond deficit perspectives. Social Psychology of Education. 27, 3399-3423, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-024-09930-2

Lundberg, A., Lindh, C. & Collberg, P. (2024). Are newly qualified teachers ready for today’s mandate? Principals’ views in Sweden. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education. 45(3), 352-370. https://doi.org/10.1080/10901027.2024.2349050

2. Language Studies and Applied Linguistics

Publications in this field focus on language learning, teaching strategies, learner identity, motivation, and anxiety, with a significant use of Q methodology for exploring subjective perspectives.

Multilingualism, Language Education, and Language Policy

Aliani, R. (2018). Q methodology ... In breve. In J. Chesters & H. Cuervo (Eds.), Researching Young Lives: Methodologies, Methods, Practices and Perspectives in Youth Studies (Vol. 1, pp. 13-18). Melbourne, Vic: Youth Research Centre, Melbourne Graduate School of Education. Retrieved from https://education.unimelb.edu.au/yrc/research/research-publications.

Aliani, R. (2024). Investigating school principals' viewpoints on languages education. In N. Fraschini, A. Lundberg, R, Aliani (eds), Advancing language research through Q methodology (25–43). Multilingual Matters.

Camenzuli, R., Lundberg, A. & Gauci, P. (2023). Collective teachers’ beliefs about multilingualism in Maltese primary education. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 26(4), 379-394. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2022.2114787

Fraschini, N. & Lundberg, A. (2024). Australian-Korean multicultural family memebers' emotions about their family language policy. In N. Fraschini, A. Lundberg, R, Aliani (eds), Advancing language research through Q methodology (83-103). Multilingual Matters.

Fraschini, N., Lundberg, A., & Aliani, R. (2024). Introduction: Q methodology, subjectivity, and language research. In N. Fraschini, A. Lundberg, R, Aliani (eds), Advancing language research through Q methodology (1-23). Multilingual Matters.

Kim S., Fraschini, N., & Park, H. (2023). Defining competencies for training non-native Korean speaking teachers: A Q methodology approach. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2023-0200  

Lo Bianco, J. (2024). Foreword: A teaching and learning journey with Q. In N. Fraschini, A. Lundberg, R, Aliani (eds), Advancing language research through Q methodology (xiii-xix). Multilingual Matters.

Lundberg, A. (2019). Teachers’ viewpoints about an educational reform concerning multilingualism in German-speaking Switzerland. Learning and Instruction. 101244, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2019.101244 

Lundberg, A. (2019). Teachers’ beliefs about multilingualism: findings from Q method research. Current Issues in Language Planning. 20 (3), 266-283, https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2018.1495373 

Slaughter, Y., Bonar, G., & Keary, A. (2022). The role of membership viewpoints in shaping Language Teacher Associations: A Q methodology analysis. TESOL Quarterly, 56(1), 281-307. http://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.3068 

Slaughter, Y., Aliani, R., Bonar, G., & Keary, A. (2024). Early childhood educators’ viewpoints on cultural and linguistic diversity: A Q methodology analysis. Linguistics and Education, 79, 101265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2023.101265 

Slaughter, Y., Lo Bianco, J., Aliani, R., Cross, R., & Hajek, J. (2019). Language programming in rural and regional Victoria: Making space for local viewpoints in policy development. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 42(3), 274-300. http://doi.org/10.1075/aral.18030.sla   

Thumvichit, A., & Phanthaphoommee, N. (2024). From basic care to beyond: A Q methodology study into the English communication needs among Thai caregivers of foreign older adults. Journal of Migrant and Health, 10, 100253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100253

Thumvichit, A., Tangkiengsirisin, S., & Vathanalaoha, K. (2024). Making sense of collective leadership in English teacher associations: Insights from Thailand TESOL’s committees. English in Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/04250494.2024.2358752

Language Learning Motivation and Identity

Bonar, G., Fielding, R., & Wang M. (2024). Exploring English pre-service language teacher identity negotiation using Q methodology. In N. Fraschini, A. Lundberg, R, Aliani (eds), Advancing language research through Q methodology (25–43). Multilingual Matters.

Caruso, M. & Fraschini, N. (2021). A Q methodology study into vision of Italian L2 university students: An Australian perspective. The Modern Language Journal, 105(2), 552-568. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12713 

Caruso, M. & Fraschini, N. (2024). Vision and motivation of adolescent language learners in Australia. In N. Fraschini, A. Lundberg, R, Aliani (eds), Advancing language research through Q methodology (44-62). Multilingual Matters.

Fraschini N. (2020). ‘Because Korean is cool’ Adolescent learners’ vision, motivation, and the study of the Korean language. Journal of Korean Language Education, 31 (English issue), 37-74. https://doi.org/10.18209/iakle.2020.31..37

Fraschini N. & Caruso M. (2019). ‘I can see myself…’ A Q methodology study on self vision of Korean language learners. System, 87, 102147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2019.102147

Solhi, M., & Thumvichit, A. (2024). Dissecting subjective L2 (un)willingness to communicate among EFL learners: A Q methodology study. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development.  http://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2024.2349802.

Yuan, C. & Lo Bianco, J. (2022). L2 Chinese teachers’ beliefs about engagement strategies for students in Australia: Findings from Q methodology research. System, 106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2022.102792 

Language Teaching Anxiety and Emotional Dynamics

Fraschini N. & Park H. (2021). Anxiety in language teachers: Exploring the variety of perceptions with Q Methodology. Foreign Language Annals, 54(2), 341-364. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12527

Fraschini N. & Park H. (2022). A Q methodology study to explore Korean as a Second Language undergraduate student-teachers’ anxiety. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 3, 100132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2022.100132 

Park, H., & Fraschini, N. (2025). A Q methodology multiple single-case study on the dynamics and complexities of Korean language teacher emotions. Journal of Korean Language Education, 36(1), pp. 139–163. https://doi.org/10.18209/iakle.2025.36.1.139 

Thumvichit, A. (2022). Enjoyment in language teaching: a study into EFL teachers’ subjectivities. The International review of applied linguistics in language teaching. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2022-0087 

Thumvichit, A. (2022). Unfolding the subjectivity of foreign language enjoyment in online classes: a Q methodology study. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2022.2050917 

Thumvichit, A. (2023). Understanding of emotions-regulation strategies among foreign language teachers in response to classroom stressors. Social Psychology of Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-023-09809-8

Thumvichit, A. (2023). ‘I’m aware of that, but…’: breaking the silence on moral distress among language teachers. Language, Culture and Curriculum. https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2023.2189268

Thumvichit, A. (2024). TEC-Q: A tool to sort out teacher emotions in the classroom. Teaching and Teacher Education, 149, 104734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104734

3. Environmental and Resource Management

This field deals with the use of Q methodology to study stakeholder perspectives on natural resource management, ecosystem services, and sustainable development in various contexts.

Natural Resource Management and Environmental Discourses

Buckwell, A., Fleming, C., Muurmans, M., Smart, J., Ware, D., & Mackey, B. (2020). Revealing the dominant discourses of stakeholders towards natural resource management in Port Resolution, Vanuary, using Q-method. Ecological Economics, 177, 106781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106781 

Buckwell, A., Fleming, C., Bush, G., Zambo Mandea, J., Taye, F., & Mackey, B. (2023). Assessing community readiness for payments for ecosystem service schemes for tropical primary forest protection in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The Journal of Development Studies, 0(0), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2023.2182682 

Buckwell, A., Ribbeck, M., Dyke, J., Smart, J., Edeson, G. (2023). Indentifying innovation discourses for nitrogen management in the sugarcane sector in Great Barrier Reef catchments using Q-methodology. Marine Pollution Bulleting, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114851 

Loehr, J., Gibson, D., Buckwell, A., Vada, S., Fleming, C., Bibi, P., Masau, N., Hadwen, W., Powell, B., & Johnson, H., (2022). Using Q method to investigate the infuence of inclusive water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) on tourists' hotel choice in Fiji. Current Issues in Tourism, 26(4), 647-663. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2022.2035699 

Weldegiorgis, F. S., Dietsche, E., Franks, D. M., Cust, J., & Ahmad, S. (2022). Mining and linkages for economic transformation: Revealing multi-stakeholder perspectives through Q-methodology. The Extractive Industries and Society, 12, 101174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2022.101174

Weldegiorgis, F. S., & Ali, S. H. (2016). Mineral resources and localised development: Q-methodology for rapid assessment of socioeconomic impacts in Rwanda. Resources Policy, 49, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2016.03.006

4. Health Research

Lim, E., Higham, K., Ferraz, K., Harban, K., Tate, R., Sewell, A., Murdock, J., Delahunty, S. (2025). Graduate nurses in acute mental health settings and their viewpoints of nursing education to support their transition to mental health nursing: A Q Methodology study. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.13493

Lim, E., Nair, A., Kalembo, F., Zhou H., Chen, W., & Dantas, J. (2024). Critical factors of international nursing students to remain in their host country during a pandemic: A Q methodology study. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 1(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2024.10.005

Lim, E., Wynaden, D., Heslop, K. (2021). Using Q methodology to explore mental health nurses’ knowledge and skills to use recovery-focused care to reduce aggression in acute mental health settings. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 30, 413-426. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12802

Lim, E., Wynaden, D., Baughman, F., & Heslop, K. (2021). Realising the potential of Q methodology in nursing research. Collegian, 28(2), 236-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2020.08.004

5. Methodological Innovations and Q Methodology

Publications focused specifically on the development, application, and innovation of Q methodology across various fields, demonstrating its versatility.

Q Methodology in Social and Educational Research

Lundberg, A., de Leeuw, R., & Aliani, R. (2020). Using Q methodology: Sorting out subjectivity in educational research. Educational Research Review, 100361. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100361 

Lundberg, A., Fraschini, N., & Aliani, R. (2023). What is subjectivity? Scholarly perspectives on the elephant in the room. Quality & Quantity, 57, 4509-4529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-022-01565-9  

Lundberg, A. & Hellström, L. (2022). Q methodology as an innovative addition to bullying researchers’ methodological repertoire. International Journal of Bullying Prevention. 4, 209-219,  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42380-022-00127-9 

Sakamoto, F. (2023). Improving Delphi study rigour with the integration of Q-methodology. International Journal of Research & Methods in Education, 0(0), https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2023.2270432

Thumvichit, A. (2022). Illuminating insights into subjectivity: Q as a methodology in applied linguistics research. Applied Linguistics Review. https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2021-0205

Thumvichit, A. (2024). Q evaluation: Potential applications in language education. In N. Fraschini, A. Lundberg, R, Aliani (eds), Advancing language research through Q methodology (179-196). Multilingual Matters.

Yuan, C. (2024). The post-sort interviews in Q methodology: L2 Chinese teachers' beliefs about motivational teaching. In N. Fraschini, A. Lundberg, R, Aliani (eds), Advancing language research through Q methodology (145-159). Multilingual Matters. 

Fraschini, N., Lundberg, A., Aliani, R. (eds) (2024). Advancing language research through Q methodology. Multilingual Matters.

Lo Bianco, J., & Aliani, R. (2013). Language planning and student experiences: Intention, rhetoric and implementation. Multilingual Matters. 

Aliani, R. (2020). Sì, tanti ma non bilingui: Using Q methodology to examine Italian language teaching in primary schools. Doctoral dissertation, The University of Melbourne. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/258782     

Kemp, S. (2014). Language Planning at the School Level: The Great Wall of Chinese. Doctoral dissertation, The University of Melbourne. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/52483

Lim, E. (2022). How mental health nurses can use recovery-focused care to reduce aggression in the acute mental health settings. Doctoral dissertation, Curtin University.  http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88694

Lundberg, A. (2020). Viewpoints about Educational Language Policies: Multilingualism in Sweden and Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178770779 

Yuan, C. (2022). Identifying the nature and sources of L2 Chinese teachers’ beliefs about how to motivate secondary school students in Australia: a Q methodology study. Doctoral dissertation, The University of Melbourne. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/312582

Victor, J. L. (2022). Investigating first and second language English teachers’ attitudes to ‘Grammar’ and ‘Grammar Teaching’ in secondary schools using Q-methodology. Master’s thesis, The University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/311448